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Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida
''Photobacterium damselae'' subsp. ''piscicida'' (previously known as ''Pasteurella piscicida'') is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that causes disease in fish.
==Disease==
Pasteurellosis is also described as photobacteriosis (due to the change in the taxonomic position), is caused by the halophilic bacterium ''Photobacterium damselae'' subsp. ''piscicida'' (formerly ''Pasteurella piscicida'').
It was first isolated in mortalities occurring in natural populations of white perch (''Morone americanus'') and striped bass (''M. saxatilis'') in 1963 in Chesapeake Bay, USA (''Snieszko ''et al.'', 1964''). Since 1969, this disease has been one of the most important in Japan, affecting mainly yellowtail (''Seriola quinqueradiata'') (Kusuda & Yamaoka, 1972). From 1990 it has caused economic losses in different European countries including France (Baudin-Laurencin ''et al.'', 1991), Italy (Ceschia ''et al.'', 1991), Spain (Toranzo ''et al.'', 1991), Greece (Bakopoulos ''et al.'', 1995), Turkey (Canand ''et al.'', 1996), Portugal (Baptista ''et al.'', 1996) and Malta (Bakopoulos ''et al.'', 1997). Gilthead sea bream (''Sparus aurata''), seabass (''Dicentrarchus labrax'') and sole (''Solea'' spp.) are the most affected species in Europe Mediterranean countries, as well as hybrid striped bass (''M. saxatilis'' x ''M. chrysops'') in the USA. However, the natural hosts of the pathogen are a wide variety of marine fish (Romalde & Magariños, 1997).
This pathology is temperature dependent and occurs usually when water temperatures rise above 18-20 °C. Below this temperature, fish can harbour the pathogen as subclinical infection and become carriers for long time periods (Romalde, 2002).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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